Internal-combustion engine



March 15, 1927. 1,620,917

c. w. PENDOCK INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed May 24 1925 .m aumt...

N VEN TOR.

Patented Mar. 15, 1927. I

" UNITED-ST CHARLES w. PENDOCK, on

WEST ALLIS, VJISCONSIN, ASSIGNO RTO LE -ROI COMPANY, OF WEST ALLIS,WISCONSIN. 1

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE.

Application filed May 24,

This invention relates to improvements in internal combustion engines ofthe type in which the main reservoir for coolantis'disposed directlyabove the engine cylinder, and

in which the cooling'acti-on is largely one.

of evaporation, as distinguished from engines in which the reservoir fora conslderable part of the coolant is disposed as a usually distinctorganization adapted mainly for cooling by radiation. More particularlythis invention relates to a detachable head motor otthis type in whichthe circulation of the cooling medium is controlled in a which the waterreservoir is disposed above the engine cylinder andis detachable fromtherylinder as a unit with the cylinder head or otherwise, I-tis one ofthe objects otthisi invention to provide a. detachable jacket sectionfor an engine of the aforesaid evaporation-cooled type and to disposethe securing bolts for SHCh'fi jacket section (and for the cylindervhead as well) inter: nally ot the jacket, whereby theymay be concealedMalthough they are accessible through the top opening of the jacket.

The unitary construction of a detachable cylinder head and a waterreservoir having walls which, when in place, form continuations of thewater jacket of the cylinder has obvious advantages in an engine of thistype. The cylinder and cylinder water jacket can, if desired, be made tocomprise 7 ing botts is needed to assemble these several parts; When aninspection of a piston head is desired or when it becomes desirable to-necessarytoremove-the single set of secur- 1923. Serial No. 641,146.

ing bolts and thereupon the entire superstructure of the engine,including not only the upper part' of the water reservoir, but also thecylinder head itself, may be removed separately or as a unit leaving thehead of the piston and of the cylinder entirely ac-' cessi'ble.

It the jacket and cylinder are constructed as a unit, however, theprovision otsome means torconnecting the cylinder head with the wall ofthe reservoir is necessary. In-

as rreurorricu asmuch as it is desirable to provide for tree circulationof the cooling liquid upon all sides of the engine cylinder and head, itwill be obvious that internal webs, ribs or flanges must be used toconnect the cylinder head andreservoir wall in order thatcthesedetachable parts may be cast together as a unit to-obtain the advantagesspecified. Presumably, it has heretofore been feared thatthe provisionof such webs or ribs within the reservoir would interfere with thefreedom of circulation of thecoolingliquid therein.

cient than has heretofore beenthe case.

voir detachable-as a unit and cylinder jacket.

from the cylinder While it is one of the principal, objects of thisinvention to provide theunitary de-.'

tachable cylinder headiand reservoir which has been discussed above, Iwish nevertheless to make it clear that-it-is a very, important objectof this invention so to constructfthe ribs or webs connecting-thecylinder head and reservoir Wall as to promote circulation of thecooling liquid through the reservoir and jacket of the engine."

'Further objects areto provide a simple,

structure which will be inexpensive to manufacture and lend itselfreadily to the castlittle effort and with the manipulation off'avingoperation; to provide a novel arrange- I have made the discovery,however, that properly designed and positioned ribsTor webs connectingthe reservoir and cylinder head actually promote the circulation ofliquid in the reservoir and render the cooling action of such liquidgreatly moreiefiiminimum number of bolts or like securing means.

The drawings represent a preferred embodiment of my inventionillustrating its application to a single cylinder engine.

In the drawings:

Figure 1 is a section taken on the vertical axis of the engine cylinderand reservoir and indicated at 11 in Figure 2.

Figure 2 is a section taken oncline 2-2 of Figure 1.

Figure 3 is a section taken on line 3-3 of Figure 1.

Figure 4 is a section taken on line 4-4 of Figure 1.

Like parts are identified by the same reference characters throughoutthe several views.

The internal combustion engine to which this invention is applied may,in general, be of any desired construction. The engine illustratedincludes a cylinder 5 within which a piston 6 is reciprocable. Aconnecting rod 7 connects the piston to a crank shaft which will beunderstood to be of ordinary construction. The cam shaft 8 is providedwith cams 9 which actuate valve tappet 10 and the stem 11 of valve 12.The valve 12 may represent either the inlet or exhaustvalve since itwill be understood that one valve will be supplied for each function.

The engine illustrated is of the type commonly designated as an L-headengine. In other words, the cylinder head 15 is provided with alaterally projecting recess 16 into which the inlet and exhaust valveopen. Recess 16 is preferably wedge-shaped, as

v shown, and reaching its maximum height immediately above the valves,provides adequate clearance therefor and tapers thence downwardly towardthe engine cylinder in order to restrict the size of the recess so thatthe desired compression of gases may be obtained. Recess 16 terminatesat the inclined portion 17 of the cylinder head which .is apertured toreceive an ordinary spark 'plug 18.

The cylinder 5 is surrounded by a water jacket 20 which will be noted inFigure 1 to be much closer to the cylinder upon one side thereof thanupon the other. This construction is adopted not only to increase thewater 7 storage capacity of the engine, but also to promote thecirculation of the water therein.

Where the jacket 20 is closest to the cylinder the comparatively smallquantity of water .lying between the jacket and the cylinder wall willbeheated more highly than will the water at points where thejacket isfarther from the cylinder wall. As a consequence the highly heated waterwill becomelighter and gravity will induce acirculation in the desireddirection, the more highly heated water being forced upwardly andreplaced by the cooler water, The direction of circulation is indicatedby arrows in Figuresl and 3.

It is preferred that the crank case 14, cylinder 5 and water jacket 20shall be cast as a unit. Furthermore, in order to enhance the appearanceof the engine and to make the casting a comparatively simple operation,the water jacket '20 ispreferably extended vertically above the widestportion of the crank case. Ordinarily, the water'jacket is extended nolower than the combustion chamber. I have found, however, that thecasting of the cylinder block and jacket as a unit is greatlyfacilitated by extending the jacket wall, as indicated. In addition,this construction derives a further advantage from the fact thatincreased waterstorage capacity is provided and the increased area ofthe jacket facilitates the cooling of water therein.

The water jacket 20 which surrounds cylinder 5 may properly be said toterminate at the margin 21. Throughout its entire pe riphery, the uppermargin of the jacketis preferably disposed in a single horizontal plane,as shown in the accompanying dr'awings. The upper margin 22 of cylinder5 is preferably disposed in the same plane. The upper wall 23 of thepassages into which the inlet and exhaust valves open. may alsoconveniently lie in this plane. The plane chosen is preferably such thatthe face of piston 6 will either lie in this plane or will project veryslightly thereabove when the piston reaches the highest point of itsstroke.

and is turned down to tightness, the entirereservoir 25 will berigidly'secured to acket 20. Suitable gaskets of shellacked paper orother Well known material may be interposed between these castings,ifdesired, to prevent leakage. V i

At oneside of the reservoir 25, a recess 29 'is provided leading to theinclined Wall 17 Within which the spark plug 18 is threaded.

This recess is so constructed as to permit.

ready access to the spark plug and at the same time to maintain the plugin proper relation to the combustion chamber of the engine withoutseriously interfering with the circulation ofcooling fluid about saidchamber. The inclined wall 17, in fact, not only constitutes a part ofthe wall of the reservoir but also constitutes a part of the cylinderhead 15 whichsis provided. with marginal. portions '30 extendingdownwardly into registry with the upper margin 22 of the cylinder. .Theapertured ears 26' upon either side of cylinder head 15prefer a'blyregister with corresponding cars 27 formed upon the cylinder in orderthat the cylinder and cylinder head. may be bolted directly together. I

Extending transversely across the cylinder head15 are two ribs or webs31 and .32. Ashas previously been suggested, the

cylinder head and reservoir comprise an integral casting and the webs orribs 31 and 32 are integrally connected not only with the cylinder headbut with the walls of reservoir 25. Rib 31 is preferably madesufiiciently long to connect with two opposite ears 26. Rib 32 may besimilarly con structed ,or may, as shown, terminate in the ears 26' fromwhich branch divergent and subordinate ribs 33 connecting the ears 2.6withs ymmetrically disposed ears 26 von Other ribs 34:,conver-ge fromother ears 26 to an intermediate portion of rib 32 and are integral withrib .32 andrwith the reservoir.

the cylinder head Thus a very rigid system of integral braces isprovided within :the reservoir for the purpose of making the cylinderhead a strong and easily handled unit with the reservoir.

,As has previously been indicated, however,- the particular arrangementof the ,bracing ribs is very important Ifthese between'the reservoir thewater jacket would, occur. Under such circumstances,

the engine would be inadequately. cooled. The placement of ribs in theengine disclosed [herein has been worked outwith a view to avoid thiscontingency by insuring that such circulation as occurs will ocburthrough both the reservoir and the water jacket.

Obviously, the greatest heat in an internal combustion engine isdeveloped in that portion of the combustion chamber to which the gasesare confined during the initial period of combustion. Thereafter thisheat is dissipated through the walls of thecoinfbustion chamber and isfurther reduced b lin; which the gases at the time of their.

"highest compression are substantially conl fined to the cavity 16 incylinder head 15, it will be clear that the portion of the cylinder headimmediately above said cavity 5 'will befthe most highly heated part .ofthe the expansion of the gases which follows piston movement. 7

In an engine of the type herein disclosed engine. j Therefore, the wateror other cooling liquid immediatelyabove the cylinder head will be morehighlyheated than :will

the water in-other parts of the device, .Asa

matter offact, it is usual for the water above those portions of thecylinder head which are traversed by ribs 31 and 32 to bein a violentstate of ebullition. Where ribs such as those shown at 31' and 32 arenot present, there is decided tendency :for

this highly heated body of water to be dis-placedby watercoming fromthe'cther side of the reservoir and a, circulationlocal .to thereservoir may be set up without materially affecting the water in thejacket proper. I have found, however, that where the transverse ribs 31and 32 are us'ed,;such ribs will interfere withany circulation of watertending to come frc n the opposite side of the reservoir and, as aconsequence, the

water which displaces the highly heated coolant over. these portions ofthe cylinder head will come up beside the cylinder. head from theacketspacetherebeneath. To replace the water which is thuscausedj torise .tlirough'the relatively narrow acket spaces at the left of Fig. l,a downcurirent occurs i in the relatively wide jacket spaces at theright of Fig. I l. The arrows indicate in general the direction of flow.tire body of water contained .in the jacket and reservoir is maintainedin constant circulation throughout a definitely prescribed path, andcooling is accomplished more effectively than has heretofore beenpossible:.

Theribs 31 and 32 may be said to have the function of preventing theshortkcircuiting of the desired how of current since they .tend to forcewatermoving downwardly in the reservoir at the right .of F1g. 11 to con-1 tinue on downwardly through the iva-t er jacket before they moveupwardly pastf the Thus the enhighly heated cylinder head surfacesat theleft of Fig. l. v

I claim:

1. The combination with an evaporationcooled internal combustion enginehaving a cylinderand a jacket, of a reservoir unit provided above thenormal level of coolant with an opening affording free communicationwith the atmosphere and, r-emovably connected with saidljacket incommunication with the space between the jacket and cylinder, and aremovable cylinder head connected with said reservoir unit forattachment and removal therewith.

2, The combinationwithan internal'combu'stion engine having a jacketedcylinder, of a detachable un t including integrally a head for saidcylinder a setof reservoir walls adapted to registerlwith the jacket ofsaidcylinder and to provide a continuation of said jacket openingexteriorly to theatmosphere above the normal level of coolant,

and means connecting said wall nd 1 m; 1i

3. An internal combustion engine includnected with said reservoirsection and constituting a unit therewith, and means accessible throughthe open top of said reservoir section for securing the unit comprisingsaid section and said cylinder head to the jacket and the cylinder.

5. An internal combustion engine including a cylinder wall and a jacketwall, terminating in a common plane, and comprising a unit, incombination with a removable unit comprising a cooling reservoir sectionadapted to register with said j aeket and provided with an opening tothe atmosphere rendering its interior portions accessible, and

a cylinder head rigidly connected with said reservoir section, togetherwith means accessible through the opening of said reservoir section forremovably securing said units together. i

6. An internal combustion engine of the evaporation-cooled type, saidengine comprising a reservoir jacket constructed in sections separablyjoined circumferentially, a

cylinder disposed within the lower section of said reservoir jacket andrigidly connected therewith, and a cylinder head disposed in the uppersection of said reservoir jacket .and rigidly connected therewith tocomprise a unit, said head being adapted to be operatively joined tosaid cylinder when said sections are secured together, means to impedecirculation relatively more upon one side of said head and cylinderwithin the reservoir-jacket section than upon the other side thereof,and said head being so formed as to'present a greater heat area uponthat side in which circulation is more impeded whereby to promote anupward circulatory flow above said head and a downward circulatory flowon the less'impeded side of said reservoir jacket.

7.v A combination with an engine crank case and cylinder operativelyconnected therewith, ofa jacket section connected directly with saidcrank case and encircling said cylinder, a reservoir section removably.joined circumferentially 'to said jacket section, and a head for'saidcylinder connectedwith said removable reservoir section to comprise aunit therewith and adapted to be fitted operatively to said cylinderwhen said reservoir section is joined to said acket section, saidreservoir section being'open at its top to the atmosphere whereby topromote the evaporation coolingof a circulatory medium in said reservoirjacket section.

SJ-Aii internal combustion engine com-- prising the combination of anengine cylinder open at the top, of a water jacket disposed about saidcylinder and open at its top, a reservoir comprising an upward extensionof said jacket and open at its bottom.

and top for connection with said jacket and for free communication withthe atmosphere, and a cylinder head constructed integrally with saidreservoir and adapted to fit operatively upon said cylinder when saidreservoir is positioned with reference to said jacket, said head havinga heated surface eccentrically disposed withreference to said reservoirand adapted by the promotion of upward flow above said head to promotecirculation through said reservoir and said acket.

9. An intcrnal'combustion enginecom'prising the combinat on of an enginecylinder open at the top, of a water jacket disposed about saidcylinderand open at its top, a reservoir comprising an upward extensionof said jacket and open at its bottom and top for connection with saidjacket and for free communication with the atmosphere, and a cylinderhead constructed integrally with said reservoir and adapted to beattached to said cylinder when said reservoir is positioned withreference to said jacket, said head being eccentrieally disposed withreference to said reservoir and adapted by the promotion of upward flowabove said head to promote circulation through said reservoir and saidjacket, said head and said reservoir being interconnected by ribs sodisposed with reference to said head as to direct a circulation currentthroughout said reservoirv and jacket.

10. An evaporation-cooled engine comprising the combination of areservoir jacket 'open at its top and comprising vertically superimposedsections separably joined circumferentially, of a cylinder disposedwithin the lower of said sections open at its top,

a cylinder head connected with the upper of said sectionsto comprise aunit for removal therewith and adapted for operative connection withsaid cylinder when said sections are operatively joined, said headhaving a surface disposed within the upper of said sections and adaptedto be highly heated when said engine is in operatiomand ribs connectingsaid head with the upper of said sections, battle means spaced toinclude a highly heated area of said head and joined beyond said head toprovide openings affording access to said area from portions of thejacket spaced immediately therebeneath while restricting access to saidarea from laterally adjacent acket' spaces, whereby to I gether tocomprise a unit, of a cylinder head promote an upward circulation withreferremovable from said cylinder and provided with a recessextendinglaterally therefrom,

a reservoir section integrally connected with said head and includingwalls adapted to be removably registered with said jacket, one

of said walls being formed to provide an outwardly opening recess incommunication with the recess of said head. through an aperture in saidwalls, and means for removably securing said reservoir section and headto said jacket and cylinder, said aperture in the wall of said sectionbeing adapted to receive a spark plug for the ignition of gases in therecess of said head.

' 12. An evaporation-cooled internal combustion engine including acylinder provided with a jacket, an open reservoir in communication withsaid jacket above said cylinder, and means within said reservoir forobstructing a flow of cooling medium from one side of the reservoir tothe other across SillCl cylinder head.

13. An internal combustion engine including a cylinder provided with ajacket, a reservoirextending above said acket and in communicationtherewith. acylinder head for said cylinder provided with a laterallyextending recess in communication with the cylinder, means for ignitingfuel in said recess, and means for obstructing a flow" of cooling mediumacross said reservoir in the direction of the portion of said headimmediately above said recess. I 14. An internal combustion engineincluding a cylinder provided with a acket, a

'reservoir extending above said jacket and in communication with thespace between said jacket and the cylinder, acylinder head provided witha laterally extending recess in communication with said cylinder, anda'web extending across said reservoir immediately above said cylinderhead in a direction transverse to the direction of said recess.

15. An internal combustion engine including a cylinder provided with a jacket, a removable reservoir section comprising a vertical extension ofsaid jacket and adapted to communicate with the space between saidjacket and cylinder, alremovable head for said cylinder provided with arecess in communication with the cylinder when the head is in placethereon, and ribs having a material vertical extension integrallyconnecting said head andsaid reservoir section, one

of said ribs being disposed across said section and immediately abovesaid headin a direction transverse to the direction of said recess,

whereby a flow of cooling medium from within said jacket to the areaabove said recess is encouraged. I

l6. An internal combustion engine includ- Y ing a cylinder provided witha jacket spaced therefrom and comprising a unit therewith,

a reservoir section removable from said jacket and adapted to constitutean upward extension thereof, a cylinder head integrally connected withsaid reservoir section and recylinder, said water jacket and cylinderbej ing open at their ends. an open reservoir section comprising wallsadapted to register with the open end of said jacket and a recessedcylinder head integrally connected with said reservoir and constitutinga unit therewith. v l

18. The combination with an evaporationcooled engine having a cylinderand jacket, of'a reservoir supported above the cylinder in communicationwith the space within the jacket, a head for said cylinder arranged toreceive heat of combustion therefrom, and a baflie disposed across'saidreservoir immediately adjacent said head and adapted to interceptcurrents of cooling fluid local to said reservoir and flowing in the ofheated portions of the head.

19. An internal combustion engine includdirection ing the combinationwith a cylinder-and a jacket open' at their tops and secured together tocomprisea unit, of a cylinder head removable from said cylinder andprovided with a recess extending laterally therefrom, a reservoirsection integrally connected with said head andincluding walls adaptedto be removably registered with said jacket, oneof said walls beingformed to provide an outwardly opening recess in communication with therecess of said head through an aperture in said walls, and means forremovably seeuringsaid reservoir section and head to said jacket andcylinder, said aperture in the wall of said section being adapted toreceive a spark plug for the ignition of gases in the recess of saidhead and the portions of said head above the recess therein comprisingan offset heated area adapted to. induce upward movement of a coolantthereabove, whereby to promote coolant circulation throughout saidjacket and reservoir section. e CHARLES W. PEN DOCK.

